Here’s What You Need to Know About Cannabis-Induced Psychosis

Discover the hidden risks of cannabis use and learn how to protect yourself from cannabis-induced psychosis—an underrecognized but serious condition that affects mental health.

Cannabis is often celebrated for its benefits and therapeutic uses and has become increasingly prevalent in social and medical contexts. However, as its consumption grows, so does the need to address its potential risks. One such risk is cannabis-induced psychosis (CIP), a serious condition where cannabis use leads to symptoms of psychosis such as hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia. 

This phenomenon, though less commonly discussed, poses significant challenges for those affected and underscores the need for comprehensive understanding and management. Below, we delve into the nature of CIP, exploring its causes, symptoms, and available strategies for treatment and prevention. Understanding this condition is crucial not only for those who use cannabis but also for healthcare providers, policymakers, and the wider community as we navigate the complex landscape of modern drug use.

What is cannabis-induced psychosis?

As mentioned, CIP or marijuana-induced psychosis is a mental health condition triggered by the use of cannabis, characterized by symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and severe paranoia. Unlike chronic psychotic disorders, CIP occurs in response to cannabis consumption and typically resolves after the drug is discontinued or substance abuse treatment is sought out. It often presents in individuals with a predisposition to mental health issues but can also affect those without prior psychiatric conditions. The psychotic episode can vary in intensity and duration, sometimes lasting from a few hours to several weeks, depending on factors like the amount and potency of the cannabis product used. 

Cannabis-induced psychosis causes and psychosis risk factors

Cannabis psychosis occurs when the active compounds in cannabis, particularly tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), disrupt normal brain function, leading to symptoms of psychosis. Several factors can contribute to the development of CIP, making some individuals more susceptible than others. Understanding these causes and risk factors can help identify individuals at higher risk and develop preventive measures.

• Genetic predisposition: Individuals with a family history of mental health disorders, particularly psychosis or schizophrenia, are at higher risk.
• High THC concentration: Cannabis strains with high levels of THC are more likely to induce psychosis compared to those with higher CBD levels.
• Frequency and amount of drug use: Whether prescribed medical marijuana or recreational cannabis, frequent or heavy cannabis use increases the likelihood of experiencing psychotic symptoms.
• Pre-existing mental health conditions: People with underlying mental health issues, such as bipolar disorder or depression, may be more vulnerable to CIP.
• Age of first use: Early initiation of marijuana use, especially during adolescence, is associated with a higher risk of developing psychosis.
• Environmental stressors: Stressful life events or environments can exacerbate the effects of cannabis and contribute to the onset of CIP.

Symptoms of cannabis-induced psychosis

CIP, a common substance-induced psychosis, manifests through a range of symptoms that disrupt normal perception and thinking. The intensity and duration of these symptoms can vary, typically lasting as long as the effects of cannabis are active and sometimes extending beyond, depending on the individual’s response and the amount of cannabis used.

• Hallucinations
• Delusions
• Paranoia
• Agitation
• Disorganized thinking

How is cannabis-induced psychosis diagnosed?

Diagnosing CIP involves a thorough assessment by mental health professionals to differentiate it from other psychotic disorders. 

• Patient history of cannabis users: Detailed inquiry into cannabis use, including frequency, amount, and duration.
• Symptom evaluation: Assessment of the specific symptoms and their impact on daily functioning.
• Exclusion of other conditions: Ruling out other psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.
• Medical history: Checking for other medical or substance-related causes of psychosis.
• Response to cannabis withdrawal: Observing whether symptoms improve or resolve after stopping cannabis use.
• Collaborative assessment: Often involves input from multiple healthcare professionals to ensure accurate diagnosis.

Cannabis-induced psychosis treatment and management

CIP treatment and management focuses on alleviating symptoms and addressing the underlying cannabis use. 

• Discontinuation of cannabis: Immediate cessation of cannabis use to prevent further symptoms and overdose.
• Antipsychotic medications: Prescribing medications to control severe symptoms like hallucinations and delusions.
• Psychological support: Counseling or therapy to address psychological impact and develop coping strategies.
• Education: Providing information on the effects of cannabis and marijuana addiction and the importance of mental health.
• Support systems: Engaging with support groups or healthcare providers for ongoing help and monitoring.
• Follow-up care: Regular check-ins with mental health professionals to assess recovery and prevent relapse.

Prevention and education

Preventing CIP involves a combination of responsible use practices and education about the risks associated with cannabis. By fostering a better understanding of CIP, we can help individuals make informed decisions and reduce the incidence of this serious condition.

• Awareness campaigns: Educating the public about the risks of cannabis use, particularly regarding psychosis.
• Targeted education: Providing information to at-risk groups, including those with a family history of mental illness.
• Responsible use guidelines: Promoting safe consumption practices and emphasizing the importance of moderation.
• Early warning signs: Teach individuals to recognize symptoms of psychosis and seek help early.
• Role of healthcare providers: Encouraging doctors and mental health professionals to discuss the risks of cannabis use with patients.
• Community outreach: Engaging with community organizations to raise awareness and support preventive measures.

How Charlie Health can help

If cannabis-induced psychosis is affecting your mental health, Charlie Health is here to help. Charlie Health’s virtual Intensive Outpatient Program (IOP) provides mental health treatment for people dealing with serious mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, substance use disorder, and more. Our expert clinicians incorporate evidence-based therapies into individual counseling, family therapy, and group sessions. With this kind of holistic online therapy, managing your mental health is possible. Fill out the form below or give us a call to start healing today.